Home › Forums › Short Online Seminars › Contemporary China, Fall 2018 › session #4 -- october 30
Readings for Week 4
Generational questions:
Rosen, "Chinese Youth and the State," Journal of Asian Studies, v68n2 (2009).
(Skim) Evans, "Changing Expectations of Mothers and Daughters in Urban China," The China Quarterly, n204 (2010).
Various, news coverage about older Chinese
One of these two -
Hansen and Pang, "Me and My Family: Perceptions of Individual and Collective among Young Rural Chinese," European Journal of East Asian Studies v7n1 (2008).
Or
Yan, "Courtship, Love, and Premarital Sex in a North China Village, The China Journal, 2002.
Optional readings:
Cong and Silverstein, "Gendered Filial Expectations in Rural China," Journal of Marriage and Family, v74n3 (2012)
Video:
Leftover Park, 2014 (9 minutes) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDh2_R5p39k&feature=youtu.be&list=PL30FD5F0382C99E98
CCTV, 2016 (5 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOf5kwxC86U
Optional: Chu, Little Soldiers, 2017 (29 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp5SOYq6bHU&list=PLEAC41A08E1EE341A&index=14
Environmental issues:
Readings:
Economist, "The Most Neglected Threat to Public Health in China is Toxic Soil," June 8, 2017.
(Skim) Greenpeace, Analysis of Air Quality Trends in 2017, 2018.
World Bank, "Helping China Fight Air Pollution," 2018. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/06/11/helping-china-fight-air-pollution
Optional readings:
McKinsey, China's Green Revolution, 2009. https://mck.co/2Pdq2Bs
World Bank, The Cost of Pollution in China, 2007. http://bit.ly/2R4aeOU
Video:
Please watch one of these four videos.
Hornby, Environment and Food, 2018: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaBm_WUk8TA&t=0s&list=PLZoSvm2n7tkeawn0FtSCcRRBS_3RWztds&index=12
Hsu, Data and Environmental Issues, 2018: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etYLtG9y5TQ&list=PLZoSvm2n7tkeawn0FtSCcRRBS_3RWztds&index=13
Xu, Data and Health, 2018: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfUhiiOASUY&list=PLZoSvm2n7tkeawn0FtSCcRRBS_3RWztds&index=14
Kahn, Economic Change and the Environment in China, 2016: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPyoc_iPIqQ&list=PLEAC41A08E1EE341A&index=31&t=2s
Optional and highly recommended: Chai Jing's Under the Dome 穹顶之下, 2015 (includes subtitles and suggestions from high school students) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5bHb3ljjbc
Optional: China's Cancer Villages, 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rj9Wx_jg40
Optional (for rent): Plastic China, 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovvujut-p6g For more on the film: https://www.plasticchina.org/
Lecture #6 - Generations
For this lecture, there's a point where we pause so that you can read two sections of this attached file "24 Filial Piety Exemplars"
You're asked to read #5 and #11.
The second lecture for week 4 focuses on China's serious environmental challenges.
I've only read the one article so far and not watched any videos so i'm limited here but wanted to share. Rosen's article "Chinese Youth and State" was really eye-opening. I've been wondering so far about this seeming contrast between Party values and practices. The government seems to me to be serving the population by encouraging economic growth through personal enterprise and entrepreneurship, but this seems very individualistic in nature and opposed to the values of socialism. I found it a bit entertaining that the article focused on Chinese of my age group, the "post-1980s generation" (I'll be 38 this Saturday so I'm of the oldest people of this group), and I saw some parallels between that survey result and my own American generation. What's even more fascinating is the response to surveys about personal beliefs and reasons for joining the Party. It seems that many are searching for something substantial in their lives, which could explain the rise of faith adherence, but also that their self-inclusion in the Party is more out of the pursuit of guanxi than of passionate, ideaological conviction. With this generation in question being so Amer-o-phile? (that's not really a word but anglophile is incorrect here and I can't think of anything better) what's to stop them from leaning more heavily toward democratic, capitalistic solutions to their individual social, and potentially political needs? This article is 9 years old and from what we've learned about the Chinese economy, what has stopped them is rapid economic growth coupled with sharp increases in personal disposable income brought on by bergeoning urban opportunity; essentially there's no reason to be concerned with the state when everything is going great! I'm curious about how long this can be sustained, and the age gap between ranking Party officials and my generational equivalent in China. Basically, how long before the current 30-40 year olds are in power?
#5 Fillial example tell us about a young man who takes care of his eldery parents, he makes sacrifices everyday in order to provide for them. Eventually the eldery parents die and he moves away. Thanks to his hard work and intelligence he end up working for the king and becomes wealthy. He has everything that his heart desires, but misses the old days when he would struggle and did not have wealth, but had his parents.
Taking care of you parents is more important and rewarding than wealth. Your parents will not last forever, enjoy them while you have them. No sacrifice is too great when you are taking care of your elders.
#11 Attracting Mosquitoes to Drink his Blood
An 8 year old child from a very poor family, makes sacrifices to protect his parents. The family could not afford mosquito nets for their beds due to their extreme poverty. On hot night the boy would attract the mosqitoes to himself sparing his parents of the mosquito bites. People find out of his sacrifice and the emperor gives him a scholarship and his family receives an allowance.
self sacrifice, the younger providing for their elders, parents must be protected and revered by their children.
Traditional Chinese culture has changed alot over the last couple decades. The pressure to succed and accumulate wealth has driven people to focus on their career and push families to a secondary role. In Traditional Chinese culture, elders where revered and cared for by the younger generations. With the shift in economy and culture the focus now is on helping the younger generations to succed (in part due to the one child only policy).
Those who live in the city and enjoy a higher education tend to focus on their education and career, usually getting married at an older age than ever before. If they get married, some are opting for not having any children.
As a whole the percentage of older people in our world keeps on increasing. Pretty soon China will have the largest percentage of people over 60 years of age in the whole world. China needs a lot more babies and Younger adults in order to take care of and financially support their aging population.
The one child only policy worked too well to slow down their population growth, but it had several unintended consequences. Such as female babies being aborted, infanticide and the current population inbalance of males and females in marrying age.
As people started to notice the negative effects of pollution in the environment and their health, they pushed their governments into making changes that would create improvements on their environment. This led to stricter controls on vehicle pollution and the improvement or shut down of heavy polluting factories. These heavy polluting factories ended up relocating to poorer developing countries such as China. Several Countries,United States among them, are spending billions of dollars cleaning up the contamination caused by decades of poorly regulated factories and industries. Most of the contamination is limited to relatively smaller concentrated areas.
China is now dealing with the consequences of having opened its doors to heavy polluting factories and industries, unfortunately due to the reuse of contaminated water the effects are more wide spread, making it harder to clean up. It is estimated that 16% of all the land in China is polluted. Pollution is heavily concentrated on rural areas and about 20% of all arable land is polluted. This is one of the reasons why China relies a lot in imported food and vegetables. Now China is trying to find a way to clean up their environment, but it will be a difficult and expensive task.
China is becoming a leader in renewable energy production. It produces about 29% of the worlds’s hidropower, 25% of the world’s wind power, and 20% of the world’s solar power. Unfortunately it still relies heavely in coal and oil for their energy production.
I remember hearing on the news that China was no longer purchasing materials such as plastic for recycling, this created a problem for my home state of California. California was selling most if not all of its reciclable refuse to China. Now, we will have to come up with new ways to deal with our recyclable materials once they are collected.
Wow! For the longest time I believed that my cousins( both female and male) and my younger sister had it tough dealing with our Grandmother, aunts and mothers asking about when they will get married and start having kids (I married at age 25, and never had to endure the barrage of questions and inquires from our female elders). Mexican moms and aunts love to play match maker. The Chinese parents in the video took it to the next level. Not only are they looking for a candidate to date their unmarried “Left over” sons or daughters, but they have a long list of specific requisites that must be meet. Things Such as height, age, and place of employment, etc.
This park is a small real life match making site. I wonder how long will it take to evolve , into the sometimes even messier online dating sites that we have in other countries.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/world/asia/china-kindergarten-stabbing.html
Sad news about an attack on a Kindergarden in the city of Chongqing. The article mentions that stabbing attacks are not uncommon in China and that they are usually directed at children. The attacker was a middle aged woman. 14 children were injured, does not mention any dead.
Unfortunately, we hear a lot about terrorist attacks all over the world, many of them over misguided religious beliefs. We just had another one in Pittsburgh at a Synagogue. Do we know what is driving this terrorist attacks in China?
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/world/asia/taiwan-name-republic-of-china.html
Taiwan will be holding a referendum to see if they should compete on international sporting events as Taiwan instead of their current one “Chinese Taipei”. This referendum has led to a reponse from the Chinese minister of Defense Wei Fenghe “If someone tries to separate out Taiwan, China’s army will take the necessary actions at any cost.”
This seems to be the problem of China's speedy development, the degradation of the environment. To make matters worse, China seems to lack the natural resources to adequately counteract the negative effects of their industrialization, namely water. I'm quite surprised by the major problem of it all but I suppose it is due to their singlar focus on economic development. You're right Marcos, China was ready to pick up the slack for manufacturing which was advantageous economically but detrimental in so many ways. As the weeks go by and we view source after source of info the increasing concern is over the fallout from China's advancement. It makes me wonder how much about my own country I'm unaware of in terms of a focus on growth and development without a care for consequences.
I viewed the short video on about “Leftover Park” and it brought up a lot of interesting thoughts in regards to how China’s concern for marriage connects to some of the cultural practices we have in the west. As I saw this video I thought about the questions I often confront in regards to marriage. Perhaps it’s by virtue of being bicultural, but when I think about where the pressure to get married comes from, I think it comes from my Mexican relatives. Within my family’s culture, there is that expectation that getting married and having children is one of life’s momentous rites of passage, and the idea that a person is not quite fulfilled unless they marry and have children is quite prevalent. I saw these ideas in the video about Leftover Park, however one of the starkest contrasts in this video with my own experiences is in the level of proactiveness of Chinese parents. Although parents in Latino families can be active in helping their children find partners, I can’t say they match the level of diligence that I saw in the parents in the video. As I saw this video, I also thought about how it contrasts with a previous video I saw on China’s epidemic with bachelor villages. In that film, the experiences of men finding mates was highlighted, and it elaborated how this fuels the human trafficking epidemic. This video on Leftover park, I feel focuses more on the experiences of women. Although this particular video did not go into human trafficking it made me wonder if women purchase partners in the same way that men do. If so, I would be interested to know how the rates of men and women who purchase partners compares.
I viewed the Professor Hornby’s lecture on the environment and food. Of particular interest was that she noted what China and the US export to each other. She noted that China and the US essentially trade pollution. Professor Hornby went over the various types of pollution and how these are ranked differently when it comes to the immediacy with which the government addresses them because some forms of pollution are more prevalent than others. For example, the Chinese government is more likely to tackle on air pollution because it’s a lot more visible than something that is less noticeable like soil pollution. Additionally, in hearing her speak about what types of pollution get more attention than others, I noticed a continuing pattern of urban citizens getting more attention that rural citizens. For example, at the end of the lecture she noted that part of the reason why the government has been so active in mobilizing efforts at mitigating pollution is thanks to pressure from the media and people, specifically urban people. However, it seems that bureaucrats are more likely to be proactive in dealing with pollution in urban areas while they are more likely to ignore rural are protesters. This really helped me to understand another push factor for the rural population to want to relocate to urban centers. This lecture also reminded me of how pollution is dealt with here in the US. Most notably, I thought about the Flint Water Crisis and how it has taken a long time to remediate possibly because this area is inhabited by working class people of color. At the local level in Los Angeles, Exide was a battery company that contaminated the soil in Southeast LA. To this day, these areas continue to be contaminated and part of the reason why the government has not aggressively invested to decontaminate is because this areas is largely inhabited by working class Latinos. In this manner, I see a lot of parallels in environmental justice disparities between China and the US.
I viewed the Leonora Chu’s lecture on the education system in China. As an educator, the differences she noted were fascinating and it was somewhat refreshing to see that teachers seem to hold a very highly regarded position as compared to what most teachers experience in public schools here in the US. It might be by virtue of the fact that Leonora’s observations were conducted in one of Shanghai’s more high regarded schools, but it was fascinating to hear that her son’s teacher was able to get parents to respond to her right away in the WeChat platform. She also noted that at this particular school, there is an overall sentiment of “teacher knows best”. This stands in stark contrast to what teachers face in the US, where we are the scapegoats of the ills of the education system in the US. Towards the end of her talk, Chu speaks on what she believes the US should learn about the education system in China. She mentioned that we have something to learn in the way of teaching our children about grit and the value of effort. She says we have this virtue down in sports but not so much in education. In thinking about my teaching context in a working class, mostly Latino community, I want to say that I impart on my students the value of grit and effort but I also try to help them recognize that we operate in an education system that is not designed to benefit them. I do this with the intention to help them better understand why education achievement levels are lower of working class minority groups. I wonder what teachers in China do to help the more disadvantaged communities understand their social reality. I wonder if students understand that they might not make it to the top tier colleges not solely because they didn’t put in enough effort but because they operate within a system of education that is designed to ”weed them out”.