Home › Forums › Short Online Seminars › Contemporary China, Spring 2020 › Session #4 - February 25
REQUIRED
Readings
Videos
4a. Generations
For this lecture, there's a point where we pause so that you can read two sections of this attached file "24 Filial Piety Exemplars"
4b. Environmental Degradation
The second lecture for week 4 focuses on China's serious environmental challenges.
OPTIONAL
The environment issues are quite scary. Reading about the toxic soil and food supply filled with cardimum really struck me. While in China, I have a personal policy of not thinking too hard about where my food came from or the cleanliness of the hands that prepared it (lest I end up starving myself or missing out on delightful food due to paranoia). Reading things like this make that policy a little harder to stick to. That same article, I believe, mentioned that China has a "vast scheme" to reroute water from China's moist south to the more arid north. I am very interested in what this plan looks like and how reasonable it is. Learning about the different ways China manipulates its resources, like rerouting currents emptying into the sea to create more land, weather cannons to cause rain to reduce air polution, and this plan to reroute water to the north. In 2008, I was fascinated by the weather cannons. For several months leading up to the opening ceremony, they would shoot the cannons off on Friday nights, it would rain all day on Saturday, and then Sunday would be bright and clear. We would all go outside, spend the day the park, and get quite sunburnt.
I don't think I was aware until fairly recently that we have been shipping our trash and recycling to China. The idea that they no longer want our waste feels like, well, duh, and I wonder how we are going to handle this problem. When I take students to China I send the on a scavenger hunt for the duration of the trip. One of the scavenger hunt items to find is someone going through the trash to find plastic bottles. I am inspired to be able to share more information about the environment to help students understand why they might see this.
This lecture was truly scary. The water situation in china is a very urgent matter and I cannot believe that the government allowed things to get this bad. 16 % of ALL land is polluted and 20 % of all arable land is also polluted. We already dicussed how land is being used for urbanization purposes and how China is putting itself in the hands of major food producers because they cannot longer provide food for their growing population. This will cause a major problem for china because they will be forced to buy food and water from other countires making their economy dependant on such countries.
I have actually been curious for some time about why China imports rice from other countries rather than the other way around, and now this makes a lot of sense.
When my sister went to China to adopt her son, the family was surprised at how much air pollution there was in the northern parts of China. They did go at the end of January. She said the smog was terrible and she had already had a cold. She said that it was terrible trying to breathe and had to wear a medical mask when she went outside.
The cadmium is quite surreal. To think that a country the size of China would have this issue, especially in a main food item is a bit unnerving.
Lynne
I was surprised to read that the rice that is contaminated with cadmium is sold with their own country. Like another person wrote, this is extremely concerning. The consequences felt from being 'water poor' the polluted earth and deaths caused by the releasing of toxins into facilities built on top of this polluted soil is troublesome. It was hard to not linger on this topic and read about courtship, etc.
From the readings and videos this week what stands out to me the most is how much the youth of China must carry the weight of the directional shifts the country is taking. I was speaking with my students in my Comm. class and somehow China came up...about the one child policy and how that is posing challenges for parental caretaking and could pose serious challenges for the economy in the future. I recalled from the reading the term DINK double income/no kids. The hardships these only children had to face with their parents working to drive the economy and meet certain standards and coupling that with the 'me' needing to succeed ideology is leading to people not wanting to have children. Of course this is problematic, but after reading and watching the videos for this week it does not exist in a vacuum; this is frame of thinking is a consequence of many of the issues that youth are facing right here in America. The similarities between the Chinese youth and American youth are striking and somewhat sad at the same time...same thing with parenting. There is this need to drive and capitalize on your education, to be the best, and to seek out success for self gratification...in many ways we lose when we win. Parents are essentially losing their children and the environment is losing as well. I was present at a teacher workshop for the Transcontinental Railroad this weekend and we discussed how the Chinese were in many ways excluded from the historical details in photographs and such, but thank goodness there were good anectodal records preserved. We see what can happen to people in the drive for industry and modernization...and in many ways these people can be forgotten. I thought about that when reading about elderly parents and their children leaving the nest to seek out their slice of success for themselves and not looking back. Were these parents sacrifices for nothing? How will the youth and young adults of China participate in the continuing transformation of their country? It is as if the climb outpaced technology or reason and the critical steps inbetween for the things that matter. With young women seeking intimacy because their own parents (emphasis on the mom) were unavailable because they were busy, some not wanting children, and the yearning for self-expression. It will be interesting to see how this juxtaposition between youth and the government grows together or apart. There is so much that needs to be done and it appears that it will be left to the youth to make the necessary steps to keep their country on the road to success. It is a curious thing for sure. You mentioned in your video how many Chinese are attending schools in America and how it would be great to see Americans attending schools in China I believe. Would you consider the adjustment period of an American student similar to that of a Chinese student attending school here? Where do you see the gaps in why this is not happening both ways?
I had no idea about the plastic being returned to China. Not sure if I missed it, but is this because they are a huge producer? This going to continue to create all kinds of problems. I can't imagine the scale and weight of pressure these governments are under now. Now that our nations have become more complex, we must come up with complex solutions to meet the needs and demands of changing societies.
Billie, I had a lot of the same thoughts as you reading about Chinese youth. Turns out millennials are millennials, whether in China or America. In the Stanley Rosen article, I was especially struck by the way Chinese youth were stereotyped and criticized.
Rosen wrote that the youth are: “under attack in the Chinese media, characterized as the ‘me generation’ and criticized for being ‘reliant and rebellious, cynical and pragmatic, self-centered and equality-obsessed,’ as well as ‘China’s first generation of couch potatoes…’”
Those critiques could have been taken out of a clickbait “Ten More Things Millennials Have Ruined” article.
Many of the articles illustrate the growing appreciation of younger citizens of China for individual freedoms. They also illustrate the natural divide between generations, as was evidenced in the first article. (I wonder what the chinese terms for "Boomer" and "Millenial" are? The perceptions held of younger generations by older generations in China seem to me to paralell those in the US. In terms of the environmental issues, the soil toxicity article was the most jarring. As farmland is being replaced due to urbanization, the fact that over 19% of the farmland in China is suspected of being toxic is a frightening statistic. What are the future heath impacts of this, combined with the increased air and water pollution that China has experienced due to it's rapid industrial expansion? Will the government include an EPA like structure in the future concerning industry, energy use and the environment?
Greenpeace and the Institute of Ecology and Environment at China’s Nanjing University conducted a study that said the reliance on land transfers to generate revenues meant local governments had less motivation to ensure pollution was properly treated and the companies that did most of the remediation to remove the polluted soil failed the job and supposedly release toxic chemicals in the form of gases making the matter worst. To me it seems China’s officials are beginning to back away from the strong anti-pollution speeches of just a few years ago. Premier Li Keqiang “declared war against pollution at the 2014 NPC, stating that it would be defeated ‘with an iron fist’”... I feel as the Chinese economy continues to soften its view on soil pollution there are indications that it has shifted to what is called by Greenpeace employment-first policy, which they have said could see slower progress in efforts to reduce pollution.
Clay, do you have any suggestions for articles/resources about organics in China today? What % of the food production/consumption in China is organic? How has this % changed over time? Also, how does the government regulate organic labeling in the country?
The Farewell is available from Amazon Prime. If you're a Prime member, you can stream it for free. If not, you can stream it for $3. It's available from Google Play and others for $3 to $5. Because it is an American film (though the director and cast are Chinese), you can't use it for your film review. Nonetheless, many really enjoy the film and I mention here because it is about relations across generational lines. The film grew out of a segment on This American Life. The trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgJT_9IGqsA.
The film did reasonably well at the box office for an independent film, earning $18 million in North America. It wasn't screened widely in China, earning just $550,000. Here's an LA Times review by Justin Chang: https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-the-farewell-review-awkwafina-20190709-story.html
Here's an excerpt:
"The more complicated truth — one that goes to the heart of this wise, emotionally generous movie — is that Billi is a woman caught between two worlds. Her defiance may be a product of Western individualism (and so, some might argue, are her writerly aspirations and her empty bank account). But it is also a sign of her fierce devotion to a family that means everything to her."