Home › Forums › Core Seminars › East Asia Origins to 1800, Spring 2020 › Session 1 - March 7 morning (dube: orientation, geography)
For our opening session, we'll cover course expectations and basics of East Asian geography and demography. To prepare for the session, please watch or read the following. Ideally, you'll do this ahead of our March 7 session and post your thoughts to this thread. You're free to discuss ideas from the materials, raise questions based on them or to talk about how you might examine these topics in your classroom. If you're not able to do this before the session, please try to do it right afterwards. You are also welcome to discuss ideas or materials raised in class.
Population trends:
1. Watch: Channel News Asia, "The Village with Dolls but No Children," Aug. 17, 2019.
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/cnainsider/village-dolls-nagoro-japan-ageing-declining-population-11816372
2. Read: Michael Robinson, "Schools in South Korea: Where have all the children gone?" 2018.
https://focusongeography.org/publications/photoessays/southkorea/index.html
3. Read/Watch: Clifford Coonan, "Global population decline will hit China hard," Deutsch Welle, Sept. 9, 2019.
https://www.dw.com/en/global-population-decline-will-hit-china-hard/a-50326522
Geography/Environment (skim)
1. Hiroku Tabuchi, "Japan Races to Build New Coal-Burning Power Plants, Despite the Climate Risks," New York Times, Feb. 3, 2020 (below).
2. Justin McCurry, "South Korea to shut a quarter of its coal-fired plants over winter to cut pollution," The Guardian, Dec. 2, 2019; Jean Chemnick, "With Widespread Deforestation, North Korea Faces an Environmental Crisis," Scientific American, April 19, 2019 (below).
3. Tom Levitt, "Ma Jun: China has reached a tipping point," The Guardian, May 19, 2015 (below).
It is so interesting to see how countries in Asia that have worked so hard to industrialize at quick rates are now facing a lack of childbirth increase. I believe most if not all first world countries do not have reproductive rates that can maintain populations. Most of these countries are only able to keep their numbers up by immigration. And immigration seems to always be unpopular with residents of any area in the world. People do not trust people from other parts of the world and think that everything they have is something that was taken away from the native born residents. In a world where people are so connected and dependent on the systems that maintain that connectivity, people are more isolated from each other. Families and communities are dwindling because everyone is focused so much on developing and maintaining the economy. The degredation of what makes a community beautiful, the environment, the families, the culture all seem to be at risk as so much has been sacrificed for industrialization and modernization. What do you think are the best ways to tackle this issue? I personally think immigration is part of the solution, but that takes a lot of willingness to allow the cultural dynamics to evolve, which many people are opposed to.
I also found interesting that birth rates are decreasing in Asian countries, but I find this to also be happening in other countries. One of the main reasons for the low birth rates in the countries mentioned in the readings/videos is because of the cost of living. Money has become a necessity for survival. People are realizing that if they want to live a decent life they need the means to do so. Not one person wants to have a child knowing that they cannot support the child. People are sacrificing a future family to life their currentl lives, but they are also putting their future in danger because there is not enough people to take care of them in the future.
It seems that politicians' main concern is the childbirth rates of countries but some do not realize that humans have not created the best world for our future generations. Japan is a country who is still constructing coal burning plants, which will cause difficult living conditions for many. Countries like South Korea and China are trying to help out the planet by educating the citizens of the nation and enforcing measures. Can we still save the planet?
I would be able to use these articles and have my students compare Asian and Latin American environmental issues.
I am curious about how the declining birth rates are affecting different facets of the education system and teaching profession. The articles describe a parallel experience to what we are having here in California. With lower student enrollment we have school closures and declining numbers of young people choosing to enter the teaching profession. I also wonder if there job opportunities available for those teachers who live in rural communities that allow them to stay within the field of education or if teachers are having to go back to school to pursue a completely different career path. It seems that there are many additional consequences of the decline in birth rates.
I would be interested to use these statistics as part of a math discussion with my third graders to talk about what they notice and wonder about this information.
I remember, way back in the day, when Zero Population Growth was the big thing. Anything more than 2 children was considered bad for the environment, was going to lead to the end of the world, and was really looked down upon. I remember seeing interviews with some those proponents who praised China's One Child Only Policy. After reading and seeing how many elderly people are needing care and don't have children to care for them, it seems like many people are starting to regret this policy, whether they express it outright or not. This could be an opportunity for growth within the gerontology community. Entrepeneurs could have an opportunity to start more nursing homes and senior care centers. Seeing all of the dolls in that rural community that have replaced people was slightly depressing, but also a little creepy too.
I really think it's wise when we are teaching about any country (present day or ancient) to start by studying the geography of that country, like Clay did this morning. So much of history, politics, and culture is directly related to geography. I like starting a unit with lots of different maps in order to give students context. I especially liked the superimposition of China and the US to show their similar sizes and that various cities were at the same latitudes. This can really help students make personal connections with a country they may know little about. Showing population density maps can also lead to great discussion about what factors lead to such dense population centers.
Prior to reading the article "China Has Reached It's Environmental Tipping Point", I knew that pollution in China was an issue. It's common knowledge that the air quality in China can pose harmful effects to an individual's health and wellbeing. However, I never considered the correlation between levels of pollution and levels of business profits. An excerpt from the article reads:
“When I’ve spoken to factory owners they say ‘Well look, if I choose to not do this and not discharge the heavy metals but my neighbours do then I could be in a difficult situation in the market because the profit margins are often so tight.’ “And then to add insult to injury, the owners say, the big national brands come in and care only about the cost. They just buy from the cheapest. They don’t care at all about the environmental pollution. If we have a high cost, we lose the contract. We collapse. So how can we act in a responsible way?”
I find this to be an interesting point because as consumers, we are constantly searching for a common characteristic in a product: the lowest price and for us to get the lowest price, manufacturers and businesses can cut corners and ignore safety regulations to give us that characteristic in their product. We often see China's pollution problem as simply that: THEIR problem. But maybe we, as consumers, are also to blame. We want the lowest price for a quality product. I know I'm guilty of this...
The article provided a lot of interesting information of some of the population issues South Korea is facing. As I was reading it, I made a connection to some of the issues teachers and young parents face in Los Angeles. In South Korea, population is declining due to pressure put on young adults to be successful. In order to be successful, young adults must live in urban areas and seem to be more focused on building a successful career, rather than a family. Due to this, South Korea has seen a decline in population, especially in rural areas. As a result, there are fewer school-aged children in the rural areas, therefore less teachers and underpopulated schools. Eventually, these schools will face closures because many people are moving to bigger cities and focusing on careers rather than family. I've witnessed a similar trend happening here in Los Angeles. Yet, it seems to be the opposite. Some schools in higher-populated areas with a higher socioeconomic status are facing the same issues. Their schools are becoming less populated because younger adults can't afford to live in the neighborhoods and are more career-focused than family. This makes me wonder if the same decline in population could happen in Los Angeles, but due to different reasons.
I agree with you! I sometimes have problems with students trying to connect with the lesson. The famous questions "How does this apply to me?" or "Why are we learning about this?" can be avoided if I start my lesson with maps or simply explaining how the US connects to the country of study.
According to the article about the decline in China's labor force population, "We live in a grey world. For the first time last year, there were more people on Earth who were 65 and over than children under 5." Because China is such a large nation with a huge economy, the negative impact of the population shift will be on a larger scale. The way that the Chinese government and communities respond to this imbalance will determine China's role in the global economy. The acquisition of young labor should be the priority in addition to providing systematic support to encourage women to have children. According to George Magnus, "The best way to get more women to have more children is to make it easy and cheap for women to get good reliable childcare, and work." I agree that supporting women in the endeavors of child-birth and spreading the child-care responsibilities into the community will lead to collective success. The burden of repopulation, education, and caregiving for the elderly cannot be solely placed on women.
In terms of rebuilding a young (skilled) labor-force, it would be pertinent to make both short-term and long-term efforts to address the issue. I would like to study the approaches of the past to determine what has been effective in increasing skilled labor. In the United States, we are facing a similar situation where birth rates are decreasing.
Still looming in the details of the Coronavirus and the political and economical impact of this virus are the actual human lives that are being lost and effected by the transmission and handling of this illness. Understanding that since the beginning of time illnesses have been transmitted through travel, but that there is more of spotlight on the issue because of the frequency in which information is shared through media and technology. Of course this is a major issue that we will continue to follow. Well, it almost impossible to escape the conversation and headlines because of the global impact this illness is having.
The geographic landscape and population dispersment is most interesting with China's landmass and hope there is the opportunity through the BRI to perhaps take advantage of the its size. If China is able to capitalize on its land and the population subsequently increases, what about water?
The cleanup efforts in Japan after 3/11 was so impressive and speaks to the culture of the people.
An issue that binds us all, that was a hot topic topic today, was the aging population and pairing that with younger people who are not having children and still relying on their parents to find their way...I think in that regard I am thinking more about China and the US having this issue. Also, I found it interesting the distribution of household incomes and how the two countries spend their incomes. We touched on a lot this morning and discussed various ways to include the content in our curriculum in terms of geographic location in relation to the US. We have more in common than we may think.
Here are pdf versions of the presentations we discussed today. You may find them useful for review. Feel free to use any of these slides with your students. Please do not post them to the internet or otherwise distribute them.
Reading Robinson's "Schools in South Korea," I couldn't help wondering about the impact on the quality of education in the elementary schools. Surely, each child is receiving dramatically more attention and individualized support from their teacher, but what about their social emotional learning? Many communities in South Korea are already quite homogeneous; how do teachers make sure their pupils are exposed to different ideas and perspectives in such an environment (or am I projecting my own cultural values when I ask these questions)?
Maybe I'm completely mistaken and need further information on this topic, but the views expressed by Musk and Ma in Coonan's "Global Population" are concerning because they focus so much on business and politics. Their companies' success depends on consumption, so naturally they want more consumers. However, population growth on Earth up until now has already had dramatically detrimental effects on climate, resources, and the environment; continuous population growth is simply not ecologically possible. Wouldn’t it be great if the problem of population decline motivated innovators like Musk and Ma to find environmentally responsible solutions instead?
I am also wrestling with the gravity of the Coronavirus, despite knowing its one illness in a long history of humanity. I love the idea of teaching students through teaching about our commonalities. Our commonalities with our respective reactions to Coronavirus should be highlighted with a lens of compassion. Students should be engaged in conversations about why we need to make connections and communicate with other countries in this time of relative crisis.
The current concentration of China's population around water sources makes me think that population expansion/spread is limited without massive investment in infrastructure (which requires young laborers). I am interested in the research around Climate Change impact predications on Western China.