Home › Forums › Core Seminars › East Asia Origins to 1800, Spring 2023 › Session 2 (February 13) - Hundred Schools Debate
Register for the discussion session on Zoom here.
For this session, let's explore early East Asia. Where did East Asians come from? Where did their civilizations begin? What were the key characteristics of those early cultures? How were the societies organized? With regard to the most influential Chinese philosophies of the formative period, what problems did these schools of thought seek to address? What sorts of societies did they wish to build? What kinds of knowledge were most respected?
For early China, there are two readings and an outline below. The first is a collection of translated "oracle bones" texts. What did the Shang rulers hope to learn from heaven? The second is a teaching guide for Chinese philosophy. For our discussion, we'll start with a four-sided debate and each of you will need to speak in favor of one of the schools (Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism, Legalism) and against the others. Please read the philosophy unit carefully and prepare to take a side. Come back here to see which school of thought you will need to represent. The questions on pages 46-47 of the curriculum unit are among those we'll take on in the debate.
Video #1: Early Chinese Philosophy
Required readings (pdf below) for origins to early empire:
Dube, Chinese philosophy (outline and curriculum unit)
Ebrey, Oracle Bones
"Peach Blossom Spring"
Optional readings:
Ebrey, Salt and Iron Debate
Video #2: Unification, Disunion and Reunification: Qin through Tang
Required readings (pdf below) for cosmopolitan China:
Ebrey, Attractions of the Capital
Optional readings:
Birch, Tang poetry
Ebrey, Zhu Xi disciples
Additional readings below.
Confucianism:Gupta Pooja,Liang Xuegui/Grace, Chen Meiyi, Sarah Lee-Park, Yao Jin, Rick, Elizabeth
Daoism:Pediglorio Jeric, Mishna Erana Hernandez, James, Vest Terri (excused absent), Mihaela Tufa
Mohism:Buenaventura Manuel,Isaac Esquivel,Shefferd Sarah (excused absent)
Legalism:Cardenas Maria,Kowalski Megan, Denis
Hello, may I please join the Daoism group?
Thanks Mishna! Welcome to the team Daoism.
Let me try to answer Clay’s question from the first video – Have you seen early Chinese thought in popular culture? How would you share such examples with the students?
The Monkey King stories include elements of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
The Journey to the West - a classic Chinese 16th-century novel strongly promoted Daoism and Buddhism inspiring several modern film adaptations. I suspect that the novel might have had a huge influence on The Wizzard of Oz. It would be easy to relate many Buddhist concepts to students. Upon googling anything on that connection, It seems that nobody else saw obvious parallels except for this short post. I should probably write a paper about it.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/wonderful-wizard-oz-v-journey-west-dominique-n-thieu-l-i-o-n-
Why is Mohism less popular in China and unknown in America?
I suspect Mohism was silenced because it challenged the state-sponsored ideologies (Confucianism, Legalism, and even Buddhism in the Tang period) more than Daoism did. Unlike Daoism, Mohism did not develop a quack medicine arm, whose promise of mercury-induced immortality appealed even to the tough founder of the Qin dynasty. Swept under the rug in China, the Mohists were not well-known in the West either, as I understand it.
Sticking to Denis's idea of Chinese cultural influence in film and growing up in Mexico City, I distinctly remember a facination with Chinese culture amongst the kids in the 80's. Kung-fu films, specifically Bruce Lee (but others as well) was an exciting new phenomena. After pick-up soccer bouts on the street, the kids would "play" Kung-fu and everybody would want their turn at being Bruce Lee. Now we had an alternative to the American Western.
My uncle had one of the few VHS players around, and almost every week we'd gather to see films about 20 people, old and young, crowded in a room. Martial Arts was a favorite genre. Soon after, Karate schools started started popping up and the latest "moves" were a hot topic in the school yard.
The facination with the culture only grew from there; I remember friends losing teeth to nunchucks, ninja stars being being confiscated by teachers, and kids pretending to have learned to read Chinese. It represented a new alternative to American culture, which often came down to the American cowboy vs. "The Savage." Chinese culture and symbolism represented something extraordinarily new, which is why, I suspect, has endured and even embedded into other cultures. At that time, if you "spoke" English at about the same prificiency that you "knew" Kung-fu, you were set.
Hi,
Can you please add me to the Taoist group for Monday's discussion. Thank you, James
Thanks James! Welcome to the team Daoism/Taoism.
I'm a late addition... can I be added to Confucianism?
A more recent cultural influence of the 2000's is in the Nickelodean series Avatar:The Last Airbender. My children were fans of the show and we watched it as a family. Many of Chinese and other Asian cultural references and symbols were scattered throughout... such as Yin/Yang and the need balance. There was a setting of an "Air Temple" that strongly resembles the Hengshan Temple in Shanxi. Evidence of Confucian, Daoist and Legalism are sprinkled throughout the series as well.
Hi Sarah,
Welcome to the team of Confucianism!
As a kid growing up in India, we were amazed by Bruce Lee, Jackie Chen, and Jet Li movies dubbed in Hindi which were made in Hollywood. Chinese Martial Arts found a permanent home in America thanks to these artists. Karate kid remains one of my favorites. This also leads to karate, martial arts, kung fu, etc schools in the US. Through these movies, other Chinese cultural traditions, teachings, rituals, and festivals also Americans came to know more about it. The martial arts also being taught by the US military and police officers generated a lot of interest in the culture. Video games gave a new life to the spread of Chinese culture and symbols. Comics, TV dramas, music, and Anime also became popular over the years to further the interest in overall oriental culture.
Now if we talk of early school of thought, I think US education system is influenced by confucius school of thought. Education is considered as a tool to instill moral values and create human beings with good character.
If I can chose the team, can I be added to comfucianism please? Thank you.